Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): an umbrella term that describes a range of disabilities that occur as a direct result of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): This term refers to certain birth defects and serious, life-long mental and emotional impairments that may be suffered by a child as the result of heavy alcohol consumption by its mother during pregnancy.
Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE): A disorder associated with cognitive and behavioral difficulties in children whose birth mothers drank alcohol during her pregnancy. Symptoms are similar to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), but less severe or comprehensive.
Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS): Individuals with Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome have a confirmed history of prenatal alcohol exposure, but may lack growth deficiency or the complete facial stigmata. Central nervous system damage is present at the same level as FAS. These individuals have the same functional disabilities but “look” less like FAS.
Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND): Includes characteristics common to FAS – including growth deficiency, some FAS facial features, clinically significant structural, neurological or functional impairment, and prenatal exposure to alcohol.
Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD): Physical or cognitive deficits, which can range form mild to severe, that a child experiences as the result of alcohol consumption by its mother during pregnancy. This term includes, but is not limited to, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE).
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